In the Principles of Usability there are things that must be considered include Human Ability, Human Capabilities, Memory, and Problem Solving.
Human Ability
Human ability is a man's ability to do its thing. It has two differences, namely:Good Human Abilities
• Unlimited Long Term Memory capacity
• Duration of LTM are endless, and complex
• The high ability in understanding
• Powerful Mechanism of concentration
• The introduction of powerful mindset
Bad Human Abilities
• Limited Short Term Memory (STM) capacity
• Duration of STM is limited
• Access to STM unreliable
• The process is likely to go wrong
• The process is slow
Human Capabilities
Human Capabilities almost synonymous with Human Ability, but Human Capabilities is more directed to the members of the five senses (eyes, ears, Touch) on the man himself.EYE (vision)
The human eye is a mechanism for receiving and transforming light into electrical energy. Human vision is a complex thing with physical limitations and perceptions and a major source of information.The concept of vision in humans consists of two stages:
1. Receiving external physical stimulus
2. Processing and interpretation of the stimulus
EARS (hearing)
The ear is a sense that is used to hearing. Hearing process begins with the vibrations in the air known as sound waves. Ear receives these waves and transmits them to the auditory nerve system through the various stages.The ear consists of three parts:
The outer ear is the visible part, consists of two parts, namely pinna attached to the head, and the auditory canal that passes sound waves to the middle ear. The outer ear protects the inner ear, which are sensitive to damage, dirt, and maintain a constant temperature. Outer ear also amplify sound waves (amplify) of some types of noise.
Middle ear is a small hole, which consists of the smallest bones in the human body, called Ossicles and connected to the outer ear by the eardrum called a tympanic membrane and the inner ear to the cochlea. Sound waves are passed through via the auditory canal and vibrate the eardrum and Ossicles were then finally to pass the vibrations to the cochlea and inner ear.
The inner ear are liquid-filled cochlea which have fine hair cells called cilia that respond to vibrations from the middle ear and transmits chemical reactions to auditory nerve (hearing)
• Sound has some characteristics, namely:
• Pitch: sound frequency (20-20000 HZ)
• Loudness: sound amplitude (30 - 100dB)
• Timbre: voice type
The human ear can hear frequencies in the range of 20 Hz to 15 KHz.
Tactile (Touch)
Tactile (touch / haptic perception) allows us to obtain information about the environment around us. Through tactile senses we can tell if something is hot or cold.Skin has three types of sensory receptors, namely:
1. Thermoceptor that respond to heat / cold
2. Nociceptor that respond to intense pressure, pain
3. Mechanoceptor that respond to pressure.
Mechanoceptor divided into two groups based on response to pressure differences, namely:
• Rapidly adapting mechanoceptor respond to the pressure exerted on the fly.
• Slowly adapting mechanoceptor responds to the pressure exerted continuously.
Although the human body has a receptor, but in some parts it has more sensitivity than others. Another aspect of the tactile senses is kinesthetic, i.e. awareness of body position and movement of the tool depends on the number of receptors in the joints. There are three types of kinesthetic, namely:
• Rapidly adapting the locomotors response when moving a certain direction.
• Slowly adapting that respond to movement and static position, and
• Positional receptor that responds only in a static state.
Memory
Most of the human activities rely on memory. In addition to storing factual knowledge, human memory also stores procedural knowledge, the knowledge of repetitive activity, use of language, using the information that we receive from the senses, as well as providing the human identity by storing information about past experiences. There are three types of memory or the memory function:1. Sensory memory
2. Short-Term Memory (STM)
3. Long Term Memory (LTM)
Sensory memory
Sensory memory works as a buffer that holds the input received from the human senses. Sensory memory consists of:
• Iconic memory for visual senses
• Echoic memory for aural sensory / auditory, and
• Memory for the haptic sense of touch.
SHORT-TERM MEMORY (STM)
Short-term memory is used to store the information needed in a short time / while at the moment we're doing an activity.
Short-term memory can be accessed quickly, but decreases rapidly as well. This memory also has a limited capacity. There are two methods that can be used to measure short-term memory capacity:
Based on the length of a series (sequence) that can be remembered in sequence
Based on the ability to recall items at random.
LONG-TERM MEMORY (LTM)
Long-term memory is the primary storage resources that store factual information, knowledge based on experiment / experience, the rules of procedure of behavior, and so on or can be said to keep false things we know. Greater capacity, slower access time, as well as the loss of information tends to be slower. There are two types of long-term memory:
• Episodic memory, describes the characteristics of the memory that stores "data" event or experience in serial form in time.
• Semantic memory is a form of memory that stores records may facts, concepts, and skills.
There are three types of activities carried out by long-term memory:
1. Storing or recall information
2. Eliminate or forgetting information
3. Recall information.
Process of forgetting information consists of two forms, namely:
• Decay is the process of forgetting information because the information had been in long-term memory that will gradually forget.
• Interference due to new information that could lead to long-forgotten information.
The process of recall information in long-term memory consists of two forms, namely:
• Recall is a direct recall information in long-term memory
• Recognition, information obtained by the presentation of a number of related knowledge as a guide.
PROBLEM SOLVING
If the reasoning is a mechanism to draw conclusions or new information from what is already known, then the problem solving is the process of finding a solution to a task by using knowledge. Problem solving in humans is characterized by the ability to adapt to the new situation information. There are several views on how humans solve problems. Gestalt view that the problem solving process involves the use of knowledge and insight. Theory of problem space view that the human mind is limited process information.
References:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usability
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